
The world's first
adhesive postage stamp was introduced in May 1840. It was
the brainchild of Rowland Hill (later Secretary to The
Post Office), who in a pamphlet entitled `Post Office
Reform' set the wheels in motion for the birth of the one
penny prepaid post. Before this there existed a complex
and inefficient system of tariffs where the recipient
paid a rate calculated on the distance travelled by the
letter or package.Such was the
success of Hill's uniform, weight-based postal system
that within just 40 years of the first Penny Black, more
than 150 countries had followed his lead and established
similar systems. Excellence in design and production was
a priority from the start and Hill even took the trouble
to research an assortment of print methods which led to
the development of a new `rotary' process. Security, to
reduce the risk of forgery, has always been a prime
concern, too, and Hill set a competition for the design
of what he called `inimitable' stamps. For the first
century of the British stamp's life most designs were
simple and effective and have become known as
Definitives. Today these everyday stamps are the simplest
in design bearing the Monarch's head and the stamp's
value or class of postage. The profile of the Monarch is
a three-dimensional relief by the sculptor Arnold Machin.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own
version of the Definitive, for example, Scotland's
includes an illustration of a lion rampant. The first
stamps designed specifically to commemorate a major event
appeared in 1924 to celebrate the British Empire
Exhibition. This `special' issue was followed in
subsequent decades by a handful of others to mark
important events and anniversaries, but it wasn't until
the 1960s that the regular issue of Specials was
established. The Specials have more recently been joined by Greetings
Stamps. |
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